城市铁路车站规模与临近道路交通量的关系研究

对北京主要铁路车站临近道路交通量的测试结果进行了整理及定性分析,利用SPSS软件对所得统计交通量与车站规模进行了回归分析.得出车站规模越大,车站站前道路的交通负荷越大,两者呈线性正相关的结论,提出了站前道路交通量的预测模型,有助于站前道路的合理规划,并对站前道路交通拥挤问题,提出了合理布置站前广场和发展公共交通的策略.     

MIT中灵敏度矩阵的聚类优化

针对灵敏度矩阵的几何差异性问题,提出了一种基于聚类优化的灵敏度矩阵方法.首先,分析了灵敏度矩阵的几何差异性对MIT图像质量的影响;然后,基于几何差异性对灵敏度矩阵的向量进行聚类分组,应用能量函数对分组后的灵敏度向量赋予不同权值,构造一种聚类优化的灵敏度矩阵;最后,应用优化后的灵敏度矩阵,通过线性反投影算法和牛顿-拉夫逊迭代算法进行MIT图像重建.实验结果表明:采用聚类优化的灵敏度矩阵,使线性反投影算法的均方误差降低26%以上,图像相关系数提高10%以上, 使牛顿-拉夫逊迭代算法的均方误差降低5%以上,相关系数提高4%以上,证明了所提方法的有效性.     

Key-Recovery Attacks on LED-Like Block Ciphers

Asymmetric cryptographic schemes, represented by RSA, have been shown to be insecure under quantum computing conditions. Correspondingly, there is a need to study whether the symmetric cryptosystem can still guarantee high security with the advent of quantum computers. In this paper, based on the basic principles of classical slide attacks and Simon's algorithm, we take LED-like lightweight block ciphers as research objects to present a security analysis under both classical and quantum attacks, fully considering the influence on the security of the ciphers of adding the round constants. By analyzing the information leakage of round constants, we can introduce the differential of the round constants to propose a classical slide attack on full-round LED-64 with a probability of 1. The analysis result shows that LED-64 is unable to resist this kind of classical slide attack, but that attack method is not applicable to LED-128. As for quantum attacks, by improving on existing quantum attack methods we demonstrate a quantum single-key slide attack on LED-64 and a quantum related-key attack on LED-128, and indicators of the two attack algorithms are analyzed in detail. The attack results show that adding round constants does not completely improve the security of the ciphers, and quantum attacks can provide an exponential speed-up over the same attacks in the classical model. It further illustrates that the block cipher that is proved to be safe under classical settings is not necessarily secure under quantum conditions.     

改进的固定交通检测器缺失数据综合修复方法

基于检测器数据的时空相关性,为缺失数据修复模型动态地选择解释变量,在综合考虑检测器数据的周期性趋势和实时变化特性的基础上,提出了一种改进的缺失数据修复方法.对上海市南北高架的线圈流量数据进行数据修复精度测试.结果表明,相较于传统的支持向量回归(SVR)模型,该方法在3个测试检测器上的数据修复平均绝对误差分别减小了3.80%、3.40%、25.23%,并且在数据连续缺失1～10个时平均绝对百分比误差均低于6%.     

s-III型低密度甲烷气体水合物物性的理论研究

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法研究了s-III型水分子笼状结构和s-III型CH4气体水合物笼状结构的晶格常数、体弹模量等基本物性参数,发现在0~2.6 GPa压强范围内两种笼状结构均可以稳定存在,晶胞体积随着压强增大而近似线性减小. s-III型CH4气体水合物中由于CH4分子间的作用力导致甲烷水合物体积发生膨胀,但是体积增大幅度较小且比较均匀,平均增幅在3.97%左右. 最后根据能带结构和电子态密度计算结果发现s-III型CH4气体水合物为绝缘体,不具有导电性.     

职业环境中肼的毛细管气相色谱分析

用过量的糠醛衍生转化肼,用质谱对肼的糠醛衍生晶体进行结构定性,对肼糠醛衍生物的晶体、溶剂及肼糠醛衍生物的提取液进行毛细管气相色谱对比分析,获得可靠的定性定量分析信息,优化衍生、萃取和色谱分析等条件,用标准曲线、精密度和准确度试验进行方法评价。实验表明,在糠醛过量的条件下,肼完全转化为2糠醛嗪,保留时间为6.20 min,方法检出下限为0.007 8mg/L,相对标准偏差2.5%,加标回收率98%～100%。方法的色谱峰形对称、准确、灵敏度高、选择性好,为不同实验室仪器及色谱柱条件下分析检测肼提供了一种快速、准确的条件探索程序。     

当前中国生物质能源发展的若干战略思考

 国际能源署《2018可再生能源年度报告》首次指称生物能源是“被忽视的巨人”,预测在未来5年内,以供热/暖和车用生物燃料为主的生物能源将引领全球范围可再生能源的发展。结合中国生物质能源近年发展实践,对生物质能源的再定位、发展生物天然气的战略意义、开发生物质“二代原料”、以多联产提高竞争力,以及建设国家生物质油气田等战略提出思考。     

基于二维激光诱导炽光法的棉籽油扩散火焰碳烟生成特性

搭建了一套二维激光诱导炽光测试系统,获得乙烯扩散火焰的碳烟体积分数,并将其与单点标定激光诱导炽光法和消光法得到的测试结果比对,验证了该测试系统的有效性.在一台液体燃烧器上,应用二维激光诱导炽光法研究棉籽油掺混比对柴油层流扩散火焰碳烟生成的影响.结果表明:随掺混比的增加,最大碳烟体积分数以及碳烟总量呈现降低趋势.在轴心方向上随火焰高度的增加,碳烟体积分数逐渐增加,在中部达到最大值,随火焰高度的进一步增加,碳烟体积分数开始降低.径向上的碳烟浓度峰值随火焰高度的上升由火焰外侧向火焰中心移动,且峰值先增加后降低.      

反结构切换混沌系统

通过设计切换函数,将两个互为反结构的子混沌系统联合构成一个新的自动切换混沌系统。针对系统的耗散性、吸引子存在性、平衡点及其稳定性等进行理论分析,并采用Matlab软件绘制切换系统的吸引子相图、功率谱、分岔图、李雅普诺夫指数谱、庞加莱截面图等,证实其混沌特性。最后,基于混沌电路理论设计切换系统的模拟电路,采用Multisim软件运行该电路,并对虚拟示波器生成的吸引子进行实时观测,观测结果与理论分析和数值仿真结果相符,验证了该切换混沌系统的可实现性。     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.